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什么是 WEEE 指令？WEEE 指令》对环境保护的意义WEEE 指令的实施
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WEEE 指令：电子废物意识

重要内容知识可持续发展规范与标准
数字化意味着越来越多的电子设备被生产出来--创新的新产品正在将旧产品挤出市场。但如何处理坏掉的手机或有缺陷的咖啡机呢？废弃电子电器设备指令》（WEEE Directive）解决了这一问题，并对电子垃圾进行了适当和环保的处理。

什么是 WEEE 指令？

电子产品是欧盟增长最快的废物来源。缩写 WEEE 代表废弃电气和电子设备。欧盟指令规定了废弃电气和电子设备的分配、收回和妥善处置。自 2018 年起，"开放范围 "规定，任何导电的设备或工具都属于电气设备的范畴。现在，这不仅包括笔记本电脑、电视机、烤面包机或洗衣机，还包括家具或纺织品，如儿童闪光鞋。
WEEE 指令 2012/19/EU 于 2012 年 8 月生效，取代了 2003 年 1 月的 WEEE 指令 2002/96/EC。最新修订于 2018 年完成。该法规规定了某些框架条件；欧盟各成员国负责在国内法中实施。在德国，由《电气和电子设备法》（ElektroG）负责实施。

WEEE 指令》对环境保护的意义

WEEE 指令》的主要目标是最大限度地减少电气和电子废物对环境的负面影响，并提高资源效率。再利用和再循环的目的是减少废弃物的数量。许多设备都含有对健康和环境有害的物质，如汞、镉或铅。这些物质必须得到妥善处理，不得列入家庭垃圾。此外，电器还含有金、铜或铝等有价值的原材料。原材料的循环利用和回收可以保护环境，确保宝贵资源的安全。 总之，该指令旨在提高电气和电子设备生命周期中所有相关方（如制造商、分销商和消费者）的环保意识。

WEEE 指令的实施

WEEE 指令主要影响电气设备的生产商；他们对其产品的整个生命周期负责。生产商必须向相关国家机构注册其电气和电子设备，然后获得 WEEE 编号。每种类型的设备或制造商的每个品牌都必须单独提交。德国的固定设备经销商和零售商在销售新设备时有义务免费回收旧设备。在线和邮购零售商也必须提供适当的退货选择。如果新产品投放市场，生产商必须保证为后续的无害环境处置提供资金。欧盟各成员国必须建立电气和电子废弃物的收集和回收系统。

What is the WEEE Directive?
The abbreviation WEEE stands for Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment. The WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU came into force in August 2012, replacing the previous directive of 2003. It sets out the rules for the distribution, take-back and disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment, with implementation in national law being the responsibility of the EU member states, such as in Germany through the Electrical and Electronic Equipment Act (ElektroG).
What is the significance of the WEEE Directive?
The main objectives of the WEEE Directive are to reduce the negative environmental impact of electrical and electronic waste and to improve resource efficiency. This is achieved through reuse and recycling to reduce waste volumes. Electrical appliances contain harmful substances such as mercury, cadmium and lead that must be disposed of properly. At the same time, they contain valuable raw materials such as gold, copper and aluminum, the recycling of which protects the environment and secures valuable resources. The directive aims to improve the environmental awareness of all stakeholders in the life cycle of electrical and electronic equipment, including producers, distributors, and consumers.
How is the WEEE Directive implemented?
The WEEE Directive affects manufacturers of electrical equipment, who are responsible for their products throughout their entire life cycle. They must register their equipment with national authorities and obtain a WEEE number. Each type or brand of device must be submitted separately. In Germany, stationary and online retailers must take back old devices free of charge. Manufacturers must ensure funding for the environmentally sound disposal of new products. EU member states must establish collection and take-back systems for electrical and electronic waste.

资料来源

国际合规与产品责任 | 德国回收利用协会
BMUV：关于废弃电气和电子设备的第 2012/19/EU 号指令 | 法律
EUR-Lex 欧洲法律

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